Genetic abnormalities are significant contributors to severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia. Conditions such as Klinefelter syndrome and Y chromosome microdeletions impair testicular function.
Genetic testing is recommended in men with markedly reduced sperm counts. Identification of genetic defects informs prognosis and reproductive counseling.
Assisted reproductive technologies may enable biological paternity in selected cases, although genetic implications must be discussed.
Advances in molecular diagnostics enhance individualized erotic patient management.
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