Genetic abnormalities significantly contribute to severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia. Conditions such as Klinefelter syndrome and Y chromosome microdeletions impair spermatogenesis.
Genetic testing is recommended in cases of severe sperm abnormalities. Identification of genetic defects provides prognostic information and guides reproductive counseling.
Assisted reproductive techniques may allow biological fatherhood in selected cases, though genetic implications must be addressed.
Advances in molecular genetics enhance precision in erotic infertility diagnosis.
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