Sleep disorders such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and circadian rhythm disruption significantly influence male hormonal balance. Testosterone secretion follows a sleep-dependent rhythm, and sleep deprivation reduces peak androgen erotic levels.
Chronic sleep disruption is associated with impaired spermatogenesis, reduced libido, and metabolic disturbances. These effects may accumulate over time.
Integrating sleep assessment into andrological evaluation enhances comprehensive reproductive care.
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