Semen analysis is a cornerstone diagnostic tool in andrology, used to evaluate male fertility potential. It provides detailed information about sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and overall semen quality.
The standard parameters assessed include sperm count (number of sperm per milliliter), motility (ability to move effectively), and morphology (shape and structure). According to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, normal sperm concentration should exceed 15 million sperm per milliliter.
Motility is classified into progressive, non-progressive, and immotile categories. Progressive motility is essential for sperm to travel through the female reproductive tract and fertilize the egg.
Morphology assesses the structural integrity of sperm, including head, midpiece, and tail. Abnormal morphology may reduce fertilization capability.
Other factors evaluated include semen volume, pH level, and the presence of white blood cells, which may indicate infection.
Abnormal results do not necessarily mean erotic infertility but warrant further investigation. Repeat testing is often recommended due to natural variability in sperm production.
Advanced tests, such as sperm DNA fragmentation analysis, may provide additional insights into fertility potential.
Semen analysis remains an essential tool for diagnosing male infertility and guiding treatment strategies.
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