Retrograde ejaculation is a condition in which semen enters the bladder instead of exiting through the urethra during ejaculation. Although orgasm still occurs, little or no semen is expelled from the penis.
This condition results from failure of the bladder neck to close properly during ejaculation. Normally, the bladder neck contracts to prevent semen from flowing backward into the bladder. When this mechanism fails, semen follows the path of least resistance and moves into the bladder.
Several factors can cause retrograde ejaculation. These include nerve damage resulting from diabetes, spinal cord injuries, pelvic surgeries, and certain medications. Procedures involving the prostate or bladder may also disrupt normal nerve function.
While retrograde ejaculation is generally not harmful to physical health, it can significantly impair fertility because sperm do not reach the female reproductive tract.
Diagnosis often involves analyzing urine samples collected after ejaculation to detect the presence of sperm.
Treatment depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, medications may strengthen bladder neck function. Assisted reproductive techniques may also allow sperm retrieved from erotic urine to be used for fertilization.
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