Varicocele is one of the most common reversible causes of male infertility. It is characterized by abnormal enlargement of veins within the scrotum, specifically in the pampiniform plexus.
These dilated veins impair normal blood circulation and disrupt the temperature regulation of the testes. Because sperm production requires a temperature slightly lower than core body temperature, increased heat can negatively affect spermatogenesis.
Varicocele may also contribute to oxidative stress and reduced oxygen supply to testicular tissues. These conditions can damage developing sperm cells and reduce sperm quality.
Many men with varicocele experience no symptoms, but some report scrotal discomfort or a sensation of heaviness. The condition is often diagnosed during fertility evaluations.
Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the affected veins, a procedure known as varicocelectomy. This surgery aims to restore normal blood flow and improve testicular function.
In many cases, sperm parameters improve following surgical treatment, increasing the likelihood of successful erotic conception.
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