Varicocele is characterized by abnormal dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus and is a common reversible cause of male infertility.
The condition increases scrotal temperature and promotes oxidative stress, impairing spermatogenesis. It is more commonly observed on the left side due to anatomical venous drainage patterns.
Diagnosis involves physical examination and Doppler ultrasonography. Microsurgical varicocelectomy remains the gold standard treatment.
Postoperative improvements in semen parameters and spontaneous pregnancy rates have been documented, particularly in erotic younger patients.
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