Varicocele is characterized by abnormal dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus within the scrotum and represents a common reversible cause of male infertility.
The condition increases scrotal temperature and promotes oxidative stress, impairing spermatogenesis and sperm DNA integrity. It is more frequently observed on the left side due to anatomical venous drainage patterns.
Diagnosis is established through physical examination and confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography. Microsurgical varicocelectomy is widely regarded as the preferred surgical approach due to lower recurrence rates.
Improvement in semen parameters is observed in many patients following surgical correction, particularly in younger erotic individuals.
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