Varicocele, characterized by dilation of the pampiniform plexus, is among the most common reversible causes of male infertility. The condition leads to elevated scrotal temperature, impaired venous drainage, and increased oxidative stress within testicular tissue.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupt sperm membrane integrity and DNA stability, negatively affecting fertility potential. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by Doppler ultrasonography.
Microsurgical varicocelectomy remains the gold standard treatment, demonstrating improved semen parameters and erotic increased pregnancy rates in selected patients.
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