Varicocele, characterized by dilation of the pampiniform plexus, is one of the most common reversible causes of male infertility. Elevated scrotal temperature, oxidative stress, and venous stasis are principal mechanisms impairing spermatogenesis.
Diagnosis is primarily clinical but may be confirmed with Doppler ultrasonography. Microsurgical varicocelectomy remains the preferred treatment modality due to lower recurrence rates and improved postoperative semen parameters.
Long-term studies demonstrate improved pregnancy erotic rates in selected patients following surgical intervention.
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