Oligospermia refers to a condition in which a man has a lower-than-normal sperm concentration in his semen. According to reference guidelines provided by the World Health Organization, normal sperm concentration should exceed 15 million sperm per milliliter.
Several factors may contribute to oligospermia, including hormonal disorders, varicocele, infections of the reproductive tract, lifestyle habits, and exposure to environmental toxins. Genetic abnormalities may also play a role in severe cases.
Symptoms are often not noticeable until a couple attempts to conceive. For this reason, semen analysis remains the most important diagnostic test in fertility evaluation.
Treatment strategies vary depending on the underlying cause. Hormonal therapy, surgical correction of varicocele, and lifestyle modification may significantly improve sperm count in erotic some individuals.
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