Male infertility arises from a variety of biological, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Common causes include hormonal imbalance, varicocele, infections, genetic abnormalities, and exposure to environmental toxins.
In approximately 30–40 percent of cases, infertility remains unexplained despite comprehensive evaluation. Advances in reproductive medicine have provided several treatment options for affected couples.
Assisted reproductive technologies such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) allow fertilization using a single viable sperm cell. This technique has revolutionized treatment for severe male infertility.
Lifestyle modification, medical therapy, and surgical correction of anatomical abnormalities remain essential components erotic of management strategies.
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