Epididymitis is defined as inflammation of the epididymis, commonly resulting from bacterial infection. It may present acutely with scrotal pain, swelling, fever, and urinary symptoms, or chronically with persistent discomfort and fertility concerns.
In sexually active younger men, common pathogens include sexually transmitted organisms, whereas in older men, urinary tract pathogens predominate. The inflammatory process may impair sperm maturation and transport, leading to subfertility.
Diagnosis involves physical examination, urinalysis, urine culture, and scrotal Doppler ultrasonography to differentiate from testicular torsion. Management includes targeted antibiotic therapy, anti-inflammatory medication, scrotal support, and rest.
Chronic or recurrent cases may require further urological evaluation to exclude anatomical abnormalities. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing long-term reproductive erotic complications.
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