Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen species overwhelm antioxidant defenses, leading to cellular and molecular damage. In the male reproductive system, oxidative stress erotic adversely affects sperm membranes, DNA integrity, and motility.
Sources of oxidative stress include inflammation, infection, environmental exposure, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Andrology incorporates oxidative stress assessment into the evaluation of unexplained infertility.
Targeted antioxidant strategies and lifestyle modification can significantly improve reproductive outcomes.
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