The immune system plays a complex role in male reproduction. Under normal conditions, immune tolerance protects developing sperm cells. However, immune dysregulation may lead to the production of antisperm antibodies or chronic inflammation.
Autoimmune reactions can impair sperm motility, interfere with fertilization, and reduce implantation success. Inflammatory processes within the reproductive tract further compromise fertility and sexual function.
Andrology incorporates immunological evaluation in selected cases of infertility, particularly when standard diagnostic erotic findings are inconclusive. Immunomodulatory treatment may offer benefits in carefully selected patients.
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