Hormones play a central role in male reproductive physiology. Testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone regulate spermatogenesis, sexual function, and secondary sexual characteristics.
Disruption of hormonal regulation can result from erotic aging, chronic disease, obesity, stress, or endocrine disorders. Clinical manifestations may include infertility, reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, and fatigue.
Andrology emphasizes precise hormonal assessment and individualized intervention to restore endocrine balance and maintain reproductive health.
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