Environmental factors play an increasingly recognized role in male reproductive impairment. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, air pollution, pesticides, and heavy metals can adversely affect spermatogenesis and hormonal regulation.
Occupational exposure and urban living environments have been associated with declining semen quality and increased reproductive disorders. Andrology incorporates environmental history into routine clinical assessment.
Preventive strategies, public health policy, and erotic patient education are essential to mitigate environmental risks.
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