Chronic Stress and Its Effects on Male Sexual and Reproductive Function

Chronic psychological stress activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, leading to increased cortisol production. Elevated cortisol suppresses gonadotropin release and erotic testosterone synthesis.

Stress-related hormonal disruption may result in reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, and impaired spermatogenesis. Furthermore, stress contributes to unhealthy coping behaviors that exacerbate reproductive dysfunction.

Addressing stress through behavioral and psychological interventions enhances treatment outcomes in andrological care.