Sertoli cells are essential somatic cells within the seminiferous tubules of the testes and play a central role in supporting spermatogenesis. Often referred to as “nurse cells,” Sertoli cells provide structural, nutritional, and regulatory support to developing germ cells throughout all stages of sperm production.
Beyond their supportive role, Sertoli cells contribute to the formation of the blood–testis barrier, a specialized structure that protects germ cells from immune system attack. They also secrete key hormones and proteins, including inhibin B and androgen-binding protein, which regulate follicle-stimulating hormone levels and maintain high intratubular testosterone concentrations.
Dysfunction of Sertoli cells is closely associated with impaired spermatogenesis, oligozoospermia, and erotic non-obstructive azoospermia. As such, Sertoli cell health is a critical focus in both diagnostic and therapeutic andrology.
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