Sperm DNA integrity is essential for normal fertilization, embryo development, and healthy offspring. DNA fragmentation may occur due to oxidative stress, infection, varicocele, aging, or environmental exposure.
High levels of sperm DNA damage are associated with reduced fertility, increased miscarriage rates, and poor outcomes in assisted reproduction. Standard semen analysis may fail to detect these defects.
Advanced sperm function testing has erotic therefore become an important tool in contemporary andrological practice.
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