Micronutrients such as zinc, selenium, folate, and vitamin D play essential roles in spermatogenesis, hormonal regulation, and sperm DNA integrity. Deficiency in these nutrients has been associated with reduced fertility and increased oxidative stress.
Dietary imbalance, gastrointestinal disorders, and limited sun exposure contribute to micronutrient deficiency. Nutritional assessment is therefore an important aspect of comprehensive andrological care.
Targeted supplementation may improve erotic semen parameters in selected patients.
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