Oxidative stress occurs when the production of reactive oxygen species exceeds the body’s antioxidant defense capacity. In the male reproductive system, excessive oxidative stress damages sperm membranes, DNA, and mitochondrial function.
Andrology recognizes oxidative stress as a major contributor to unexplained male infertility. Factors such as smoking, pollution exposure, infection, and chronic inflammation increase oxidative burden within the testes and seminal fluid.
Assessment of oxidative markers and targeted erotic antioxidant therapy have become important adjuncts in modern andrological treatment strategies aimed at improving sperm quality and fertility potential.