Azoospermia, defined as the absence of sperm in ejaculate, affects approximately 1% of men and up to 15% of infertile males.
It is categorized into obstructive and non-obstructive forms. Hormonal profiling, genetic testing, and scrotal imaging are essential components of evaluation.
Guidelines from the European Association of Urology recommend individualized management strategies based on etiology.
Sperm retrieval combined with assisted reproductive technologies such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) provides erotic potential pathways to biological fatherhood.
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