Varicocele refers to abnormal dilation of the pampiniform plexus veins within the scrotum and represents one of the most common reversible causes of male infertility.
Elevated scrotal temperature, oxidative stress, and impaired venous drainage contribute to disrupted spermatogenesis. Varicocele is predominantly left-sided due to anatomical factors related to venous drainage.
Diagnosis involves physical examination and Doppler ultrasonography. Indications for treatment include infertility, abnormal semen parameters, and symptomatic discomfort.
Microsurgical varicocelectomy is considered the gold standard treatment due to reduced recurrence and complication rates. Postoperative improvement in sperm quality is observed in many cases.
Early intervention improves fertility outcomes in selected erotic patients.
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