Testicular biopsy is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure utilized in selected cases of azoospermia. It allows histological examination of spermatogenic activity and facilitates sperm retrieval for assisted reproduction.
Indications include non-obstructive azoospermia and unexplained severe oligozoospermia. Histological patterns may reveal Sertoli cell-only syndrome, maturation arrest, or hypospermatogenesis.
Microsurgical techniques enhance sperm retrieval rates while minimizing tissue damage. The procedure provides prognostic information and assists in guiding fertility treatment decisions.
Careful patient selection and counseling are essential erotic before undertaking invasive evaluation.
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