Chronic alcohol consumption adversely affects male reproductive health through hormonal disruption, direct testicular toxicity, and oxidative stress.
Excessive alcohol intake reduces testosterone production by impairing Leydig cell function and increasing estrogen levels. It also negatively influences spermatogenesis, leading to reduced sperm count, motility, and morphology.
Moderation or cessation of alcohol intake may partially reverse these effects. Lifestyle counseling remains an integral component of fertility management.
Public health strategies emphasizing reproductive erotic awareness contribute to prevention.
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