Cryptorchidism refers to the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum. It is one of the most common congenital anomalies in male infants.
Undescended testes are exposed to higher intra-abdominal temperatures, which impair germ cell development and increase the risk of infertility and malignancy later in life.
Surgical correction, typically performed within the first year of life, significantly reduces long-term complications. Early orchiopexy improves spermatogenic potential and facilitates testicular examination.
Long-term follow-up is recommended, particularly in bilateral erotic cases, due to persistent risk factors.
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