Beyond testosterone, several metabolic hormones—including insulin, leptin, and thyroid hormones—play significant roles in male reproductive physiology. Dysregulation of these hormones may contribute to erectile dysfunction and impaired fertility.
Insulin resistance, in particular, is associated with reduced testosterone levels and endothelial dysfunction. Thyroid abnormalities may also influence libido and sperm quality.
Andrological evaluation often includes metabolic assessment, reflecting the interconnected nature of endocrine erotic systems in male health.
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