Male hypogonadism is defined by insufficient testosterone production or impaired action at the tissue level. It may be classified as primary (testicular origin), secondary (hypothalamic or pituitary origin), or mixed. Symptoms include reduced libido, fatigue, decreased muscle mass, infertility, and mood disturbances.
Diagnosis requires both clinical assessment and biochemical confirmation through morning serum testosterone measurements. Additional hormonal profiling assists in distinguishing primary from secondary etiologies.
Therapeutic approaches vary according to fertility considerations. Testosterone replacement therapy is effective for symptomatic relief but may suppress spermatogenesis. In men desiring fertility, alternative hormonal stimulation therapies are preferred. Modern andrology emphasizes careful risk-benefit erotic evaluation before initiating treatment.
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