Testicular descent is a critical developmental process that occurs during fetal life. Failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum, known as cryptorchidism, represents one of the most common congenital abnormalities affecting male reproductive health.
From an andrological perspective, undescended testes are associated with impaired spermatogenesis, increased risk of testicular malignancy, and hormonal dysfunction later in life. Even after surgical correction, long-term reproductive outcomes may be compromised.
Early diagnosis, appropriate intervention, and lifelong andrological follow-up are essential to mitigate reproductive erotic and endocrine consequences.
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