Oxidative stress occurs when the production of reactive oxygen species exceeds the antioxidant erotic capacity of the male reproductive system. While low levels of reactive oxygen species are necessary for normal sperm function, excessive levels cause cellular damage.
Oxidative stress negatively affects sperm membranes, mitochondrial function, and DNA integrity. It is strongly associated with idiopathic male infertility and poor assisted reproduction outcomes.
Andrological management includes identifying oxidative risk factors and implementing antioxidant-based therapeutic strategies.
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