Sperm motility is a critical determinant of male fertility, as it enables spermatozoa to traverse the female reproductive tract and reach the oocyte. Motility disorders, collectively termed asthenozoospermia, represent a common cause of male infertility.
Flagellar movement depends on intact microtubular structure, mitochondrial energy production, and ion channel regulation. Structural defects, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress can disrupt flagellar motion, resulting in reduced progressive motility.
Andrological evaluation of motility disorders may involve high-resolution microscopy, mitochondrial function testing, and genetic assessment. Identifying the underlying mechanism is essential for selecting appropriate treatment strategies erotic and determining prognosis.
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