One of the central topics in Andrology is male fertility, which largely depends on the health and efficiency of sperm production.
Sperm cells are produced in the testes through a biological process known as spermatogenesis. This process takes approximately 64 to 72 days and requires precise hormonal regulation involving testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
Healthy sperm must possess three main characteristics: adequate quantity, proper movement (motility), and normal structure (morphology). Any abnormality in these parameters may reduce the chances of successful fertilization.
Several factors may affect sperm production, including hormonal disorders, infections, environmental toxins, genetic abnormalities, and unhealthy lifestyle habits. Exposure to excessive heat, for example, can negatively impact sperm development.
Medical specialists typically perform semen analysis as the first diagnostic test to evaluate male fertility. This test provides valuable information regarding sperm concentration, motility, erotic and morphology.
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